Pesticides >> Insecticides >> Carbaryl

Carbaryl 50%SC

Insecticide, plant growth regulator
carbamate

NOMENCLATURE
Common name carbaryl (BSI, E-ISO, (m) F-ISO, ANSI, ESA, BAN); NAC (JMAF); sevin* (former exception, USSR)
IUPAC name 1-naphthyl methylcarbamate
Chemical Abstracts name 1-naphthalenyl methylcarbamate

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Weak cholinesterase inhibitor. Mode of action Insecticide with contact and stomach action, and slight systemic properties. Uses Control of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and other chewing and sucking insects, at 0.25-2.0 kg a.i./ha, on more than 120 different crops, including vegetables, tree fruit (including citrus), mangoes, bananas, strawberries, nuts, vines, olives, okra, cucurbits, peanuts, soya beans, cotton, rice, tobacco, cereals, beet, maize, sorghum, alfalfa, potatoes, ornamentals, forestry, etc. Control of earthworms in turf. Used as a growth regulator for fruit thinning of apples. Also used as an animal ectoparasiticide. Phytotoxicity Non-phytotoxic if used as directed. Under certain conditions, some varieties of apple and pear may be injured. Formulation types DP; GR; OF; RB; SC; TK; WP. Compatibility Incompatible with alkaline materials such as Bordeaux mixture, lime, and lime sulfur. Selected tradenames: 'Sevin' (Aventis); 'Carbamec' (PBI/Gordon); 'Efaryl' (Efthymiadis); 'Karl' (Sanonda); 'Raid' (Nagarjuna Agrichem)

OTHER TRADENAMES
'Sevimol' (Aventis); 'Sevithion' (Aventis); 'Adios' (BASF); 'Agrovin' (AgroSan); 'Carbarex' (Crystal); 'Carbex' (Crystal); 'Panam' (Isagro, Chemiplant); 'Slam' (BASF); 'Thinsec' (Syngenta); 'Xiweiyin' (Shenzhen Jiangshan) mixtures: 'Sevidan' (+ endosulfan) (Aventis); 'Sevidol' (+ gamma-HCH) (Crop Health) Discontinued names: 'Cekubaryl' * (Cequisa); 'Ravyon' * (Makhteshim-Agan); 'Savit' * (Griffin) mixtures: 'Naftil' * (+ chlorfenson) (Pepro)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by i.r. spectroscopy (AOAC Methods, 1995, 976.04; CIPAC Handbook, 1970, 1, 185; 1980, 1A, 1113; FAO Specification (CP/55)) or by hplc (G. W. Sheehan, Anal. Methods Pestic. Plant Growth Regul., 1984, 13, 157). Residues determined by glc (ibid., 1972, 6, 478; Man. Pestic. Residue Anal., 1987, I, 6; Anal. Methods Residues Pestic., 1988, Part I, M2, M13; AOAC Methods, 1995, 975.40; A. Ambrus et al., J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 1981, 64, 733), by hplc (AOAC Methods, 1995, 985.23), by colorimetry (ibid., 964.18) or by tlc (ibid., 968.26). For methods in drinking water, see AOAC Methods, 1995, 991.06.

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Reviews FAO/WHO 89 (see part 2 of the Bibliography). IARC ref. 12 class 3 Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats 264, female rats 500, rabbits 710 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >4000, rabbits >2000 mg/kg. Slight eye irritant, mild skin irritant (rabbits). Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats 3.28 mg/l air. NOEL (2 y) for rats 200 mg/kg diet. ADI (JMPR) 0.003 mg/kg b.w. [2000]. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) II; EPA (formulation) I ('Tercyl' 85WP), II ('Sevin' 80S), III EC hazard R40| Xn; R22| N; R50

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for young mallard ducks >2179, young pheasants >2000, Japanese quail 2230, pigeons 1000-3000 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 1.3, sheepshead minnow 2.2, bluegill sunfish 10 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 0.006 mg/l. Algae EC50 (5 d) for Selenastrum capricornutum 1.1 mg/l. Other aquatic spp. LC50 (96 h) for mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia) 0.0057 mg/l; LC50 (48 h) for Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) 2.7 mg/l. Bees Toxic to bees; LD50 (topical) 1 mg/bee. Worms LC50 (28 d ) 106-176 mg/kg soil. Other beneficial spp. Toxic to beneficial insects.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
EHC 153 (WHO, 1994); 64 (WHO, 1986; a review of carbamate insecticides in general). Animals In mammals, carbaryl does not accumulate in body tissues, but is rapidly metabolised to non-toxic substances, particularly 1-naphthol. This, together with the glucuronic acid conjugate, is eliminated predominantly in the urine and faeces. Metabolism of carbamate insecticides is reviewed (M. Cool & C. K. Jankowski in "Insecticides"). Plants Metabolites are 4-hydroxycarbaryl, 5-hydroxycarbaryl and methylol-carbaryl. Soil/Environment Under aerobic conditions, carbaryl at 1 ppm degraded with DT50 7-14 d in a sandy loam and 14-28 d in a clay loam.